Jonathan Leake, Science Editor
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INVISIBILITY devices, long the realm of science fiction and fantasy, have moved closer after scientists engineered a material that can bend visible light around objects.
The breakthrough could lead to systems for rendering anything from people to large objects, such as tanks and ships, invisible to the eye – although this is still years off.
Researchers at the University of California at Berkeley, whose work is funded by the American military, have engineered materials that can control light’s direction of travel. The world’s two leading scientific journals, Science and Nature, are expected to report the results this week.
It follows earlier work at Imperial College London that achieved similar results with microwaves. Like light, these are a form of electromagnetic radiation but their longer wave-length makes them far easier to manipulate. Achieving the same effect with visible light is a big advance.
Underlying the work is the idea that bending visible light around an object will hide it.
Xiang Zhang, the leader of the researchers, said: “In the case of invisibility cloaks or shields, the material would need to curve light waves completely around the object like a river flowing around a rock.” An observer looking at the cloaked object would then see light from behind it – making it seem to disappear.
Substances capable of achieving such feats are known as “meta-materials” and have the power to “grab” electromagnetic radiation and deflect it smoothly. No such material occurs naturally and it is only in the past few years that nano-scale engineering, manipulating matter at the level of atoms and molecules, has advanced sufficiently to give scientists the chance to create them.
The tiny scale at which such researchers must operate is astonishing in itself. Zhang’s researchers had to construct a material whose elements were engineered to within about 0.00000066 of a metre.
The military funding that Zhang has won for his research shows what kind of applications it might be used for, ushering in a new age of stealth technology.
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Assuming this develops into perfect invisiblity, couldn't one detect the presence of something invisible if one could measure the power intensity of the radiation on the other side? Sensitive gear could read the small power flux the extra travel distance would create. Could work like a lazer sensor.
Simon, Waterloo,
To all the dissenters. Not everyone has a $5k thermal imaging camera in their trunk, and visible light is one step closer to infrared. The stuff does exist, they have articles in IEEE papers all the time. Its not nearly as weird as quantum cryptography because at least it can be explained coherently
Logan, Santa Barbara, US
Doesn't anybody get it? Invisibility is the perfect research topic.:
Military: "What did you do with all that grant money we gave you?"
Professor: "I developed an invisibility device. It's right here."
Go back and read "The Emperor's New Clothes" again.
Chris, Laurel, MD, USA
Just use infrared goggles.
Henry, Barrow,
I think Moron McBrown came up with this the minute he walked into No.10
MrHater, Moscow, Russia
Pics=Proof!
Jack MeHoff, Highland, USA
Yeah great for creeping up on civilians in Iraq but someone will develop a counter to it.
Sam, London, England
Who should have this technology? Uhh, whoever puts forth the dollars to research and develop it.
Let's just hope it's America.
Alex, Athens, USA
.00000066m is not a particularly precise measurement these days, even for relatively mundane mechanical products. The fuel injectors in passenger car diesel engines are manufactured to tolerances very close to this size range.
They are not invisible though.
Dan, Metamora, IL, USA
harkadahl
Who might the 'good guys' be? Obviously from your statement not those who seek democracy or freedom. So, then, who should have this technology?
Pmccord, Houston, USA
Enemies/victims on the other side of this technology won't know to look for it a first. And once they do, other countermeasures can be put in place. The question should constantly be asked: "Now what if this is compromised?" Cover a warm balloon with the material and let it cause a distraction, etc
Mike, Fort Worth, USA
Sorry, guys...invisibility can be defeated. Read the 'invisible man' see what rain does to it. Einstein pointed out that gravity will bend light on the cosmic scale. Therefore, because of its mass the 'invisible' isn't really; simply look for the hole in the background.
Myke, Madison, USA
Elizabeth, haven't you heard seeing isn't always believing! also, don't be scared, we are the ones developing the technology. Also, since we are actually hearing about it, it probably already exists.
Brad, Charlotte, USA
So if these 'invisibility cloaks' become available where would I get one from? I wouldn't be able to see it on the shelf anywhere, it may just look like there's none left!
Sam, Fareham,
this is absolutely terrifying. what is the world coming to? this raises huge questions about the future of warfare where one cannot be sure exactly who he is fighting against. most people have to see things to really believe them and this takes sight out of the equation.
Elizabeth, Minneapolis, USA
I think this is a fantastic idea for research... as a veteran I think it's great to continue to keep our fighting men and women with the best technology which will allow them to come home safely. Way to go R&D community!
Jason, San Antonio, United States
They should post a picture of how it works as well! ;-)
Jason, MH, USA
He's behind you !
dave, london,
I believe that this technology was pioneered at St Andrews University a couple of years ago. It will be useful for cloaking static objects, such as military installations, from particular vantage points (e.g, aerial recon.) It will also have civilian applications for cloaking unsightly buildings.
James, NJ, USA
If its in the paper, there's a good chance it's been developed for the last 10-15 years!
It's a natural progression of the stealth tecnoology developed many, many years ago for the stealth fighter and Aurora plane.
Andrew, Pools, England, UK
The prospect soon of an invisible and immortal and self-cloning person wandering around in the future does not bear thinking about. Would we be better off or worse, on balance, if nothing more was invented for the next hundred years?
Kevin Straw, Leicester,
Some posters here worry that this technology would be terrible if it fell in to the hands of the "bad guys". Well, its developed in the US and funded by Pentagon money for military use, so we should all be hoping that this technology will fall into the hands of the "good guys" as soon as possible!
harkadahl, London,
why not cure the worlds medical illnesses instead of developing totally useless sci-fi toys for the military? No one objects to rearranging the atomic structure of natures materials but when it comes to a cellular embryo, the religous army comes out in force.
LB, Aberdeen, Scotland
These guys are behind...as a married, white, Christian, American, male, (well) over 30, I've been invisible for years...
I'm looking for the "visibility" cloak. (One that doesn't require denying my faith, mate, race or gender. My age is up for grabs.)
Dan, Portland, United States
I have been invisible for years. I am male, and a full time volunteer in Human Rights. Single and invisible to the point of non-existence.
Nibiru, Brisbane, Australia
RE: "whilst all our govt policies act as if we don't exist."
Laura, They do recognise one thing about your existance; the fact that without your productivity, i.e., earning potential, they couldn't run the county. They may not see you, but their eyes are fixed on your earnings.
Jim , Kirkland, USA
Now if they can reverse that so we can see all the aliens that fly those saucers.
Vit, Osoyoos, Canada
Forget warfare. This will be used to control civilian populations by stealth.
Edward, Lincoln, England
And they can't come up with a fuel efficient car. This generation has allowed itself to be manipulated by government's chaos theory.
Joe, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
it seems like this tiny scientific breakthrough has sparked so much optimism! :P Bring back Einstein and Tesla from the dead is what I say, they'd know what to do
James B, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
Now there is only the infra-red to worry about. You can always be seen by that.
Steve, Upper Lake, CA, USA
The lack of intelligence here is amazing. Why are you people reading scientific news you don't understand? If a common criminal could afford a "cloaking outfit" they probably wouldn't need to be a criminal in the first place. This is "light camouflage" not the ability to be purely "invisible".
Scott, Toledo, US
I've often pondered how much good, or bad, same old human dilemma as always, could be accomplished with invisablility.
Bobby, Long Beach, The United States of America
I doubt this type of technology will even be cheap enough or widely available for sexual predators or any other kind of hostile person to aqquire. You think they'll be selling these at ToysRUs? Don't think so somehow...So you don't have to worry about your kiddies being snatched by an invisilble man
James, Lincolnshire, UK
Nicholas, London and Stephen K , Tampa: I applaud your insights. These are valid points, since even if the cloak were to bend IR as well as visible, the black body radiation would be hard to hide. And if you were to keep a perfect cloak, ALL the light needs to bend or it looks like a floating shadow
Alan-Michael, Fort Worth, USA
It never fails to amaze me how the most innocuous articles will unleash anti-americanism such as those expressed by the irrational Shannon Rosenberg of Lilihammer, Finland. Shannon, put the bong down and take the article for what it is. Just a scientific development.
Annie, Boston, Massachusetts,
I love all the comments from the pseudo-scientists on here claiming they have figured out how to defeat this technology already.
Brandon, Duncan, United States of America
Somehow I always knew the pointy heads would solve the population problem.
Adrian Vance, Lakeport, CA , USA
It's available to all CIA employees!
Aaron, Minneapolis, USA
Wow, suddenly Career prospects as a Burglar just got a whole lot better !! End of the identity parade as well, - and that other scourge of the criminal - CCTV,.
Clive, Gloucester, UK
In the UK, millions of us have had this ability since Labour got in.
We're the single, educated professional.
We're the invisible ones living in crammed rented shoeboxes in London, smaller than slum dwellers 100 years ago, whilst all our govt policies act as if we don't exist.
Laura Roberts, London, United Kingdom
So what you're saying is the potential for the device to become commercially available in freer market oriented coutnries like say canada over the u.s and then well canadians are just better people then amaericans they wont treat themselves like america treats itself ahahahahahaha doomed they are.
Shannon Rosenberg, Lilihammer, Finland
What I don't understand is how Osama Bin Laden got his hands on this stuff.
Pete, Seattle, USA
Bob from Boston is spot on. From terrorists to sexual predators the prospect of them being able to cloak themselves in invisibility is pretty frightening. That said if you think about it, pretty much every invention that was created with good intentions winds up being used for bad things.
David Arnold, Upland, USA
They have had this for years. Don't you remember the Predator or the Klingon star ships?
henry, Philadelphia, usa
Well you can bet this guy Ziang will make his annual visit to China pretty soon....it's as if they are using our most advanced facilities for their own research!!
mike, newark, nj, usa
Granting that all the technical hurdles can actually be surmounted, does anyone realize how horrifying this technology is? Just imagine: after it gets into the hand of the bad guys (which is inevitable), ordinary people get attacked on the street, in their homes, etc by - who knows who?? Can't wait!
Bob, Boston, USA
I already have a cloaking device installed on my car and it's been operational for years. How do I know? Because EVERY bloody time I drive ANYwhere, the idiots keep pulling out in front of me as if they can't see me, and try to run me down as if I weren't even in my lane! It never ends!!!
John Greenbrier, Ottawa, Canada
Adrian, I got a chcukle out of that one, Seems the apple doesn't fall far from the tree. Our congress in Washington follow a similar pathology; with heads all tucked firmly between thier legs they simply can't see the problem at all.
Jim Huntsberry, Kirkland, USA
I suspect the military actually thought about that. The problem with thermal is that it is costly and not always monitored.
If stealth could be perfected, then the enemy better have nods for all their personnel. Otherwise, those without are as good as dead.
NTL: thermal is electromagentic rad
James, San Diego, USA
Um...if visible light is bent around it, then it would give off no signature of any kind. If nothing can get in to reflect, than nothing can get out, including heat. So, correct that nothing can be seen, but if a ship is invisible nothing keeps someone else from relaying information to it.
Mike, Dallas,
I'm sure this is "just the beginning" and that in the end it will have the ability, some time, likely measured in tens of years, to cloak on may levels. I do like the arguement that someone inside this sphear would not be able to see out, but I am sure this will be resolved
Steve B, Tampa, FL, US
The IR (thermal imaging) will be next as it lies in the invisible to humans spectrum. This will be useful against ground troops with limited technology (CHINA/RUSSIA) What they cannot see, they cannot shoot at. This will allow an even larger kill ratio for the allied forces.
ValricoJoe, Tampa, USA
just use a big can of aereal spraypaint. That will find them.
jrosado, naugatuck, USA
This would work well for static locations. Just like B-2's &
F-117's, the news is usually a decade behind. Few have the tech of the West.
Where's Russia's Directorate T & China's equivalent? Oh, out stealing that which they can't seem to create on their own.
Harry, NY,
Let see so those in the U.K. think it's stupid to invent a cloaking device because it could only be used against taliban type combatants? Where would most future wars be fought and against whom? As far as the guy from U.S. saying those inside would be in dark I guess he hasn't been in a modern tank.
Charles Runyon, Rochester Hills, USA
im not sure exactly how this would work but im pritty sure if they say it will bend light, nickolas from london, it would emply all types of light encluding infra red light too. Thermal imaging however i agree with you on that though.
andrew, Thurso, Scotland(UK)
The British Government have already perfected this-especially where logic and common-sense are concerned- they are the experts at deflecting light from real issues then denying they ever existed.
Adrian E Dyche, Bradford, England
So somebody is cloaked by the material. How are they supposed to see? They would need at least some of the light that's being deflected, or they would be completely in the dark.
Stephen K, Tampa, USA
What a waste of resource when the same object can be seen in infra red and thermal imaging.
Not a bad idea if you are fighting the Talaban !!
Nicholas, London, UK